Installation Mastodon auf Debian Stretch

Mastodon ist ein freies und dezentrales soziales Netzwerk, als Alternative zu Twitter. Es basiert auf offenen Web-Protokollen und freier, quelloffener Software. So installiert Ihr eure eigene Mastodon-Instanz unter Debian 9 Stretch.

Voraussetzungen

• Keine

Abhängigkeiten installieren

test@social:~$ sudo apt -y install curl
test@social:~$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo bash -
test@social:~$ curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
test@social:~$ echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
test@social:~$ sudo apt update
test@social:~$ sudo apt -y install nodejs yarn imagemagick ffmpeg libpq-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev file git curl g++ libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler pkg-config build-essential libreadline-dev libicu-dev libidn11-dev libssl-dev libjemalloc-dev tmux postgresql postgresql-client libpq-dev postgresql-contrib redis-server dirmngr gawk autoconf automake bison libffi-dev libgdbm-dev libncurses5-dev libsqlite3-dev libtool libyaml-dev sqlite3 libgmp-dev

Benutzer anlegen

test@social:~$ sudo adduser --gecos "Mastodon" --home /home/mastodon mastodon
test@social:~$ sudo usermod -aG www-data mastodon

Datenbank anlegen

test@social:~$ sudo -u postgres createuser mastodon -d -P -R
--> DB Passwort füe user mastodon setzen

Installation RVM

test@social:~$ sudo su - mastodon
mastodon@social:~$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
mastodon@social:~$ curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
mastodon@social:~$ source /home/mastodon/.rvm/scripts/rvm
mastodon@social:~$ rvm install 2.5.1
mastodon@social:~$ rvm use 2.5.1

Mastodon klonen

mastodon@social:~$ cd ~
mastodon@social:~$ git clone https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon.git live
mastodon@social:~$ cd live
mastodon@social:~/live$ git checkout v2.4.3

Installation Mastodon

mastodon@social:~/live$ gem install bundler
mastodon@social:~/live$ bundle install --deployment --without development test
mastodon@social:~/live$ yarn install

Konfiguration Mastodon

mastodon@social:~/live$ RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake mastodon:setup
mastodon@social:~/live$ exit

Systemdienste Konfiguration

test@social:~$ sudo vim.tiny /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-web.service

[Unit]
Description=mastodon-web
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="RAILS_ENV=production"
Environment="PORT=3000"
ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.1/wrappers/bundle exec puma -C config/puma.rb
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

test@social:~$ sudo vim.tiny /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-sidekiq.service

[Unit]
Description=mastodon-sidekiq
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="RAILS_ENV=production"
Environment="DB_POOL=5"
ExecStart=/home/mastodon/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.1/wrappers/bundle exec sidekiq -c 5 -q default -q mailers -q pull -q push
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

test@social:~$ sudo vim.tiny /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-streaming.service

[Unit]
Description=mastodon-streaming
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=mastodon
WorkingDirectory=/home/mastodon/live
Environment="NODE_ENV=production"
Environment="PORT=4000"
ExecStart=/usr/bin/npm run start
TimeoutSec=15
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Systemdienste einrichten

test@social:~$ sudo ln -s /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-web.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mastodon-web.service
test@social:~$ sudo ln -s /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-sidekiq.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mastodon-sidekiq.service
test@social:~$ sudo ln -s /etc/systemd/system/mastodon-streaming.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mastodon-streaming.service

Nun kann Mastodon durch:

test@social:~$ sudo systemctl start mastodon-web.service
test@social:~$ sudo systemctl start mastodon-sidekiq.service
test@social:~$ sudo systemctl start mastodon-streaming.service

gestartet werden.

Installation & Konfiguration Apache

test@social:~$ sudo apt -y install apache2
test@social:~$ sudo a2enmod ssl proxy proxy_wstunnel proxy_http headers
test@social:~$ sudo service apache2 restart

vHost Konfiguration

test@social:~$ sudo vim.tiny /etc/apache2/sites-available/social.test.local.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
   ServerAdmin 
   ServerName social.dev.local
   Redirect Permanent / https://social.dev.local/
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
   ServerAdmin 
   ServerName social.dev.local

   DocumentRoot /home/mastodon/live/public/

   Header always set Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
   Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000"

   SSLEngine on
   SSLProtocol -all +TLSv1.2
   SSLHonorCipherOrder on
   SSLCipherSuite EECDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES128+EECDH
   SSLCompression off
   SSLSessionTickets off
   SSLStaplingResponderTimeout 5
   SSLStaplingReturnResponderErrors off
   SSLUseStapling off

   SSLCertificateFile   /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
   SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

   <LocationMatch "^/(assets|avatars|emoji|headers|packs|sounds|system)>
      Header always set Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"
      Require all granted
   </LocationMatch>

   ProxyPreserveHost On
   RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Proto "https"

   ProxyPass /500.html !
   ProxyPass /sw.js !
   ProxyPass /robots.txt !
   ProxyPass /manifest.json !
   ProxyPass /browserconfig.xml !
   ProxyPass /mask-icon.svg !
   ProxyPassMatch ^(/.*\.(png|ico)$) !
   ProxyPassMatch ^/(assets|avatars|emoji|headers|packs|sounds|system|.well-known/acme-challenge) !

   ProxyPass /api/v1/streaming/ ws://localhost:4000/
   ProxyPassReverse /api/v1/streaming/ ws://localhost:4000/
   ProxyPass / http://localhost:3000/
   ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:3000/

   ErrorDocument 500 /500.html
   ErrorDocument 501 /500.html
   ErrorDocument 502 /500.html
   ErrorDocument 503 /500.html
   ErrorDocument 504 /500.html
</VirtualHost>

Die vhost Seite aktivieren und apache neu laden:

test@social:~$ sudo a2ensite social.dev.local.conf
test@social:~$ sudo systemctl reload apache2

Abschluss

Damit ist unser Tutorial zu "Mastodon - Installation auf Debian Stretch" abgeschlossen. Wenn Sie Fragen haben, senden Sie eine Mail an:

Quellen

• https://krinetzki.de/2017/04/installation-von-mastodon-auf-debian-8-jessie/
• https://blog.zergy.net/index.php?article26/installer-mastodon-sur-debian-9-stretch
• https://wiki.evolix.org/HowtoMastodon
• https://www.vultr.com/docs/installing-mastodon-on-centos-7